The newsletter of the iatefl pronunciation special interest group. English as a lingua franca a lingua franca walker, 2010. Lingua franca meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. This consisted of the few native english segmental and prosodic items whose absence was found in the empirical data to lead to potential intelligibility problems in intercultural communication see. Singapore people use english and mandarin as their official languages. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british.
She is chair professor of global englishes at the university of southampton. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast asia. The pronunciation of english as a lingua franca the. The elf approach and the lingua franca core elaborated by jenkins 2000, 2002 have aroused controversy among both researchers and efl teachers. The lingua franca core and east asian and southeast asian englishes in this section, we will provide a brief overview of the pronunciation of english in brunei, china, hong kong, malaysia and. Pronunciation priorities, the lingua franca core, and monolingual groups speak out.
The term was first used during the middle ages to describe a french and italianbased jargon, or pidgin, that was developed by. Two of the most commonly described features of elf communication are words and grammar lexicogrammar and pronunciation. Therefore, parents always place english a high place. Linguafranca synonyms, linguafranca pronunciation, linguafranca translation, english dictionary definition of linguafranca. The impact of jenkins lingua franca core on the teaching. Based on the findings, there have been several attempts to describe a lingua franca core that would contain the main phonological, morphosyntactical, and also pragmatic characteristics of elf interactions. The culmination of her work was a lingua franca core lfc, that is, a listing of those pronunciation features that caused breakdowns in nnsnns understanding, with a specification of how they need to be pronounced. English language is functionally promoted to be a lingua franca in asean working language. This led her to propose the lingua franca core, an inventory of. In the classroom, we should work on a chosen recording first as part of a standard listening session. Teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua franca.
The lingua franca core jenkins jenkins suggests in the phonology of english as an international language 2000 that there is a need for changing the goals standards of pronunciation in an international context the main point is not nativelike pronunciation but successful communication further factors are teachability. In her proposal for a lingua franca core lfc jennifer jenkins 2000 seeks to redefine and reclassify pronunciation error, and in so doing to embrace the sociolinguistic facts of regional variation. Lingua franca nova lfn is an auxiliary constructed language created by dr c george boeree of shippensburg university, pennsylvania. This book and audio cd explore how elf may be relevant to teaching your students pronunciation. It draws on the lingua franca core, a set of pronunciation features that research has found to be essential to intelligibility in elf communications, and explores how adopting an elf approach can benefit students. The findings have been formed into a pronunciation core for teaching which is known as the lingua franca core. Reducing skepticism and increasing practicality by wafa shahada zoghbor download pdf 392 kb.
The basic idea here is that since the lingua franca core represents a slightly reduced array of concerns as compared to an average or typical native speaker driven pronunciation program people think the standards are lower, but really the basic standards are the same. Returning to the same recording on another day, then. The document seeks to provide my perspective on the issue of whether i believe the lfc should replace american and british pronunciation. Definition and examples of a lingua franca thoughtco. The status of english as a lingua franca elf has become an increasingly popular topic in applied linguistics and there is a lively discussion around which pronunciation model to use in classrooms dauer, 2005. Before entering into the discussion about the present and the prospective status of english as the global lingua franca, it seems appropriate to determine what, in fact, the global lingua franca is. Integrating pronunciation into the english language. Lingua franca definition of lingua franca by merriamwebster. Will english as a lingua franca impact on native english. This dictionary is a computergenerated index to the english words and phrases listed in the master. Sign up for blog updates and when we wake up, youll be the first to know.
English as a lingua franca and its implications for teaching english. The standard pronunciation models received pronunciation and general american have recently been confronted with a new proposal of a lingua franca core lfc or english as a lingua franca elf, put forward as a didactic priority in teaching english pronunciation to foreigners. This led her to propose the lingua franca core, an inventory of pronunciation features that she suggests are necessary for maintaining intelligibility in international communication, while features outside the core are unimportant. Though the field of research into english as a lingua franca elf has been growing steadily over the past fifteen years or so, there still seem to be relatively few teachers and trainers in the english language teaching elt industry who really. Word stress and pronunciation teaching in english as a.
Lfc lingua franca core lote languages other than english. Lingua francas of the world 661 the use of this particular form of french eventually died out, but not before having left its own name as its heritage for languages which are used in a similar fashion. The lingua franca core this document contains my response to the discussion questions presented in tesl 525 in week 6 regarding the lingua franc core. Jenkinss 2000jenkinss, 2002 lingua franca core lfc, which is a suggestion for a researchbased, systematic syllabus for teaching english pronunciation for elf contexts, has sparked a. Jennifer jenkins, facss born 1950 is a british linguist and academic. Lingua franca in british english noun a particular lingua franca spoken from the time of the crusades to the 18th century in the ports of the mediterranean, based on italian, spanish, french, arabic, greek, and turkish. The paper presents the findings of a questionnaire study involving 234 polish students, english majors, which aimed to determine their preferences and opinions concerning nativespeaker and elf norms. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast. English as a lingua franca elf is the use of the english language as a common means of communication for speakers of different first languages. Mohammad latif chaudhary are from college of electronic technology, bani walid, libya. Teaching the pronunciation of english as lingua franca. Pdf the lingua franca core and englishes in east and. Definition of lingua franca noun in oxford advanced learners dictionary. Lingua franca definition and meaning collins english dictionary.
L1 case study 1 12 participants bc tokyo case study 2. Pdf the lingua franca core, a new model for pronunciation. At its simplest, elf is a way of referring to communication in english between speakers who have different first languages. Lingua franca plays an enormous role in global communication. Lingua franca definition is a common language consisting of italian mixed with french, spanish, greek, and arabic that was formerly spoken in mediterranean ports. More recently, ive reconceptualised elf, bringing its multilingual essence to the fore, called it english as a multilingua franca, and defined it as multilingual communication in which english is available as a contact language of choice, but is not necessarily chosen see jenkins j. Her work derives from the world englishes or english as an international language eil movement, which recognizes that there are more than 300 million nonnative english speakers. However, the lingua franca core remains controversial. Until fairly recently, as jenkins 2000 argues, such learning and teaching goal is still prevalent in contemporary elt.
The lingua franca core a new model for pronunciation instruction. Pronunciation priorities, the lingua franca core, and. Elf, lingua franca core, communication strategies, language teaching. Native speakers model or english as lingua franca core. They explain how teachers can teach elf in their classrooms. Teachers are helping students to use english as a lingua franca. Pronunciation in english as lingua franca communication trepo.
By considering general american ga or received pronunciation rp models, andor the lingua franca core lfca set of features proposed to promote intelligibility in interactions between nonnative english speakers jenkins, 2000instructors can select the most. In my videos i use that phrase a lot, and i often get questions in the comment section asking me what it means. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. However, as speakers around the world increasingly interact in english as a lingua franca elf contexts, there is less focus on nativespeaker tar. Pdf the implications of the lingua franca core for. It draws on the lingua franca core, a set of pronunciation features that research has found to be essential to intelligibility in elf communications, and explores how adopting an. Nativespeaker segmental phonological models and the english lingua franca core. This is important familiarity with the content frees learners to focus their attention on the elf pronunciation points. In this paper i wish to respond to the article published in et 94 by saraceni while at the same time providing some clarifications concerning the concept of english as a lingua franca henceforth elf. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who share neither a common native tongue. Taking hong kong as an example, english is set to be the second language here, abilities of english usually come first than chinese. Intelligibility, accentedness, and attitudes in english as.
This is due partly to the historical development of pronunciation teaching and research, but its effect is that there is often a mismatch between research and teaching. Pdf the lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Linguafranca definition of linguafranca by the free. Seven principles for writing materials for english as a. A lingua franca pronounced lingwa franka is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native languages are different. Repositioning english and multilingualism in english as a. Collectively, these guidelines are known as the lingua franca core lfc, and can be summarised in four areas. The lingua franca core and englishes and east and southeast asia asiatic, vol. This is to indicate that it is intended as a guide for lingua franca interactions, not interactions between a native and nonnative speaker of english. Intelligibility, accentedness, and attitudes in english as a lingua franca by paul william lochland b. English used as a lingua franca elf by nonnative speakers contains a huge amount of variation and usually differs quite considerably from english as a native language enl, either as a consequence of imperfect learning, or because elf speakers choose to disregard forms they consider to be communicatively redundant, and instead seek to enhance communicative. Rp received pronunciation self studying in english as a lingua franca.
Learners views on pronunciation 261 teaching which could stretch back to the late 15th century jenkins, 2000. Studies and findings, edited by anna mauranen and elina ranta. Based on her results, jenkins suggested a lingua franca core arguing that an. A sociolinguistically based, empirically researched pronunciation syllabus for english as an international language. In his article saraceni raises three main questions and a number of related debatable comments which i will quickly deal with in my final. Pros and cons of english being the international lingua franca.
Katy simpson davies and laura patsko will deliver a british council seminar in glasgow on 26 november 20 on teaching pronunciation and listening in an elf context english as a lingua franca. Nonnative speakers of english now outnumber native speakers by a margin of about 3. Elf interaction can include native english speakers, but in most cases, it is a contact language between people who. She is a leading figure in the study of english as a lingua franca elf, and is an expert on communication in english between nonnative speakers. This chapter explores the origins of the pronunciation for english as a lingua franca elf, before going on to detail how an elf approach to teaching pronunciation can be. Jenkins 1998, 2000, and 2002 proposed the lingua franca core lfc. As teachers we are continually revising our priorities in everything we do, and the teaching of pronunciation is no exception. The impact of teaching lingua franca core on english as a foreign language learners intelligibility and attitudes towards english pronunciation. At the same time, this new and incipient research gives rise to new questions, and inspires further explorations into the complex phenomenon of elf. The second drawback of english being the international lingua franca is that the dominance of the english language proposes a threat to our own language. Your students need help with their pronunciation, to speak clearly in an international context. A lingua franca is a language or way of communicating which is used between people who do. The effectiveness of the lingua franca core lfc in.
Jenkins 2000 uses the term lingua franca core for pronunciation elements. The term english as a lingua franca elf refers to the teaching, learning, and use of the english language as a common means of communication or contact language for speakers of different native languages. How to teach english as a lingua franca elf british council. This is especially true of pronunciation, since we know that elf users communicate successfully in accents that differ. Dauer is a highly trained phonetician and esl teacher. English as a lingua franca cambridge scholars publishing.
This new role for english has implications for various aspects of classroom practice. This is a relatively new field of study and her opinions are sometimes seen as controversial. Changing contexts and shifting paradigms in pronunciation teaching. This handbook will bring you up to speed on the latest trends in teaching pronunciation. Frankish language language used as a means of communication between populations speaking vernaculars that are not mutually intelligible. Jenkins 2000 uses the term lingua franca core for pronunciation elements that are crucial for. Elf is also defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to nativespeaker norms whereas english as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to. The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast asia david deterding1 nur raihan mohamad2 universiti brunei darussalam date received.
The lingua franca core and englishes in east and southeast asia article pdf available in asiatic 102. University of massachusetts amherst, massachusetts, united states. Jun 23, 2009 the lingua franca core a new model for pronunciation instruction 1. English as a lingua franca interview with jennifer jenkins. My own fiveyear pronunciation research project led to the proposal for a lingua franca core lfc. Your students need to use english with people from around the world. Your students need to develop their listening skills, to understand a wide range of accents. Key research into the common features of elf has taken place through analysis of, for example, the voice corpus viennaoxford international corpus of englishseidlhofer, 2004 and the lingua franca core jenkins, 2000. English as a lingua franca the globalisation of english. Indeed, researchers have, for example, established that it is not proximity to a standard native speaker model, but rather the ability to pronounce certain key pronunciation features known as the lingua franca core lfc, and the ability to adapt the pronunciation to.
Lingua franca was firstly used during the middle age in mediterranean. Lingua franca definition of lingua franca by the free. Today when we find a language which is commonly used by people whose native languages are different, we describe it as a lingua franca. English as a lingua franca, since the current surge of research activity is expanding our understanding of elf in useits processes, practices, and linguistic features. Although most contemporary linguists regard english as a lingua franca elf as a valuable means of international communication and a. A common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one not the first language of any of its speakers. We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website, including to provide targeted advertising and track usage. Sla second language acquisition spm syllable per minute staust standard. Tesol quarterly 393, 369377 available for free on here rahimi, m. Research into pronunciation has often disregarded its potential to inform pedagogy. If youre interested in finding out more about practical applications of jenkinss lingua franca core and the use of phonological accommodation, this is the right book for you. Pdf teaching the pronunciation of english as a lingua. Definition of linguafranca noun in oxford advanced learners dictionary. The proposal recognizes the rights of nonnative speakers to their own legitimate regional accents rather than regarding.
Pronunciation priorities, the lingua franca core, and monolingual groups. Word stress and pronunciation teaching in english as a lingua franca contexts traditionally, pronunciation was taught by reference to nativespeaker models. Native speakers model, english as lingua franca core elc, english as lingua. You want to teach lessons which address these needs. She has written articles on language rhythm and teaching pronunciation as well as a pronunciation textbook. Attention need not be given to features outside the lfc, as they are unimportant in this respect.
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